Probably the first thing to be said about portrait lenses is that you can take a portrait with just about any lens ever made. However some lenses tend to give better results than others, which is the point of this article.
It's mostly about perspective. For "normal" portraits, does the lens render the image the way that you normally experience it - in other words does the portrait actually look like the person being portrayed? If it does then the lens might be considered a good portrait lens. If it doesn't, it would be more of a "special effects" lens.
Now some people think that it's the focal length of the lens that governs perspective, but they'd be wrong. If you compare normal rectilinear lenses (i.e. not with fisheye lenses), the perspective is determined only by your distance from the subject. The size of the subject is determined by the focal length. So if you are 100ft from a deer and you take a picture with a 20mm lens and a 200mm lens, the deer will be 10x larger with the longer lens. However, of you took the image taken with the 20mm lens, and enlarged it by 10x, it would show exactly the same perspective as the shot taken with the 200mm lens. The grain or noise would be much more noticeable and it would look a lot less sharp, but the perspective view of the deer and the background would be identical.
more : bobatkins
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